Authors

Praveen Kumar Maroju, Universität Freiburg
Cesare Grazioli, Istituto Di Struttura Della Materia, Montellibreti
Michele Di Fraia, ELETTRA Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A.
Matteo Moioli, Universität Freiburg
Dominik Ertel, Universität Freiburg
Hamed Ahmadi, Universität Freiburg
Oksana Plekan, ELETTRA Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A.
Paola Finetti, ELETTRA Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A.
Enrico Allaria, ELETTRA Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A.
Luca Giannessi, ELETTRA Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A.
Giovanni De Ninno, ELETTRA Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A.
Carlo Spezzani, ELETTRA Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A.
Giuseppe Penco, ELETTRA Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A.
Simone Spampinati, ELETTRA Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A.
Alexander Demidovich, ELETTRA Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A.
Miltcho B. Danailov, ELETTRA Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A.
Roberto Borghes, ELETTRA Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A.
George Kourousias, ELETTRA Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A.
Carlos Eduardo Sanches Dos Reis, ELETTRA Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A.
Fulvio Billé, ELETTRA Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A.
Alberto A. Lutman, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory
Richard J. Squibb, Göteborgs Universitet
Raimund Feifel, Göteborgs Universitet
Paolo Carpeggiani, Technische Universität Wien
Maurizio Reduzzi, Politecnico di Milano
Tommaso Mazza, European XFEL GmbH
Michael Meyer, European XFEL GmbH
Samuel Bengtsson, Lunds Universitet
Neven Ibrakovic, Lunds Universitet
Emma Rose Simpson, Lunds Universitet
Johan Mauritsson, Lunds Universitet
Tamás Csizmadia, ELI-ALPS
Mathieu Dumergue, ELI-ALPS

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

2-20-2020

Abstract

Attosecond pulses are central to the investigation of valence- and core-electron dynamics on their natural timescales1–3. The reproducible generation and characterization of attosecond waveforms has been demonstrated so far only through the process of high-order harmonic generation4–7. Several methods for shaping attosecond waveforms have been proposed, including the use of metallic filters8,9, multilayer mirrors10 and manipulation of the driving field11. However, none of these approaches allows the flexible manipulation of the temporal characteristics of the attosecond waveforms, and they suffer from the low conversion efficiency of the high-order harmonic generation process. Free-electron lasers, by contrast, deliver femtosecond, extreme-ultraviolet and X-ray pulses with energies ranging from tens of microjoules to a few millijoules12,13. Recent experiments have shown that they can generate subfemtosecond spikes, but with temporal characteristics that change shot-to-shot14–16. Here we report reproducible generation of high-energy (microjoule level) attosecond waveforms using a seeded free-electron laser17. We demonstrate amplitude and phase manipulation of the harmonic components of an attosecond pulse train in combination with an approach for its temporal reconstruction. The results presented here open the way to performing attosecond time-resolved experiments with free-electron lasers.

Publication Source (Journal or Book title)

Nature

First Page

386

Last Page

391

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