Authors

Bryson Cale, George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USAFollow
Michael Reefe, George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
Peter Plavchan, George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
Angelle Tanner, Mississippi State Univ, 75 BS Hood Rd, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
Eric Gaidos, Univ Hawaii Manoa, 1680 East West Rd, Honolulu, HI 96822 USA
Jonathan Gagne, Espace Vie, Planetarium Rio Tinto Alcan, 4801 Av Pierre De Coubertin, Montreal, PQ H1V 3V4, Canada, Univ Montreal, Inst Res Exoplanets, Dept Phys, CP 6128 Succ Ctr Ville, Montreal, PQ H3C 3J7, Canada
Peter Gao, Univ Calif Santa Cruz, 1156 High St, Santa Cruz, CA 95064 USA
Stephen R. Kane, Univ Calif Riverside, 900 Univ Ave, Riverside, CA 92521 USA
Victor J. S. Bejar, Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain, Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain
Nicolas Lodieu, Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain, Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain
Guillem Anglada-Escude, CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai ICE, Campus UAB,Can Magrans S-N, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya IEEC, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
Ignasi Ribas, CSIC, Inst Ciencies Espai ICE, Campus UAB,Can Magrans S-N, E-08193 Bellaterra, Spain; Inst Estudis Espacials Catalunya IEEC, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
Enric Palle, Inst Astrofis Canarias, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain, Univ La Laguna, Dept Astrofis, E-38206 Tenerife, Spain
Andreas Quirrenbach, Heidelberg Univ, Landessternwarte, Zentrum Astron, Konigstuhl 12, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
Pedro Amado, Inst Astrofis Andalucia CSIC, Glorieta Astron S-N, E-18008 Granada, Spain
Ansgar Reiners, Georg August Univ, Inst Astrophys, Friedrich Hund Pl 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany
Jose A. Caballero, ESAC, Ctr Astrobiol CSIC INTA, Camino Bajo Castillo S-N, E-28692 Madrid, Spain
Maria Rosa Zapatero Osorio, Ctr Astrobiol CSIC INTA, Carretera Ajalvir Km 4, E-28850 Madrid, Spain
Stefan Dreizler, Georg August Univ, Inst Astrophys, Friedrich Hund Pl 1, D-37077 Gottingen, Germany
Andrew W. Howard, CALTECH, 1200 E Calif Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
Benjamin J. Fulton, IPAC, 770 South Wilson Ave, Pasadena, CA 91125 USA
Sharon Xuesong Wang, Tsinghua Univ, Dept Astron, Beijing 100084, Peoples R China
Kevin I. Collins, George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
Mohammed El Mufti, George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
Justin Wittrock, George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
Emily A. Gilbert, Univ Chicago, Dept Astron & Astrophys, 5640 S Ellis Ave, Chicago, IL 60637 USA; Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA; Adler Planetarium, 1300 South Lakeshore Dr, Chicago, IL 60605 USA; NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA; NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr Sellers Exoplanet E, 8800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
Thomas Barclay, Univ Maryland Baltimore Cty, 1000 Hilltop Circle, Baltimore, MD 21250 USA; NASA, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA
Baptiste Klein, Univ Oxford, Subdept Astrophys, Dept Phys, Oxford OX1 3RH, England
Eder Martioli, Sorbonne Univ, Inst Astrophys Paris, CNRS, UMR 7095, 98 Bis Bd Arago, F-75014 Paris, France; Lab Nacl Astrofis, Rua Estados Unidos 154, BR-37504364 Itajub, MG, Brazil
Robert Wittenmyer, Univ Southern Queensland, West St, Darling Hts, Qld 4350, Australia
Duncan Wright, Univ Southern Queensland, West St, Darling Hts, Qld 4350, Australia
Brett Addison, Univ Southern Queensland, West St, Darling Hts, Qld 4350, Australia
Teruyuki Hirano, Astrobiol Ctr, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan; Natl Astron Observ Japan, NINS, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan; ;Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, Sch Phys Sci, Dept Astron Sci, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan
Motohide Tamura, Astrobiol Ctr, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan; Natl Astron Observ Japan, NINS, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan; Univ Tokyo, Grad Sch Sci, Dept Astron, Bunkyo Ku, 7-3-1 Hongo, Tokyo 1130033, Japan
Takayuki Kotani, Astrobiol Ctr, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan; Natl Astron Observ Japan, NINS, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan; ;Grad Univ Adv Studies SOKENDAI, Sch Phys Sci, Dept Astron Sci, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan
Norio Narita, Astrobiol Ctr, 2-21-1 Osawa, Mitaka, Tokyo 1818588, Japan; Univ Tokyo, Komaba Inst Sci, Meguro Ku, 3-8-1 Komaba, Tokyo 1538902, Japan; JST, PRESTO, Meguro Ku, 3-8-1 Komaba, Tokyo 1538902, Japan; Inst Astrofis Canarias IAC, E-38205 Tenerife, Spain
David Vermilion, George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
Rena A. Lee, Carnegie Earth & Planets Lab, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA
Claire Geneser, Mississippi State Univ, 75 BS Hood Rd, Mississippi State, MS 39762 USA
Johanna Teske, Carnegie Earth & Planets Lab, 5241 Broad Branch Rd NW, Washington, DC 20015 USA
Samuel N. Quinn, Harvard & Smithsonian, Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
David W. Latham, Harvard & Smithsonian, Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Gilbert A. Esquerdo, Harvard & Smithsonian, Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Michael L. Calkins, Harvard & Smithsonian, Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Perry Berlind, Harvard & Smithsonian, Ctr Astrophys, 60 Garden St, Cambridge, MA 02138 USA
Farzaneh Zohrabi, Louisiana State Univ, 202 Nicholson Hall, Baton Rouge, LA 70803 USA
Caitlin Stibbards, George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA
Srihan Kotnana, George Mason Univ, 4400 Univ Dr, Fairfax, VA 22030 USA; Westfield High Sch, 4700 Stonecroft Blvd, Chantilly, VA 20151 USA
Jon Jenkins, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA
Joseph D. Twicken, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA; SETI Inst, Mountain View, CA 94043 USA
Christopher Henze, NASA, Ames Res Ctr, Moffett Field, CA 94035 USA
Richard Kidwell, Jr., Mikulski Arch Space Telescopes, 3700 San Martin Dr, Baltimore, MD 21218 USA
Christopher Burke, MIT, Dept Phys, 70 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA;MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 70 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
Joel Villasenor, MIT, Dept Phys, 70 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA; MIT, Kavli Inst Astrophys & Space Res, 70 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139 USA
Patricia Boyd, NASA, Astrophys Sci Div, Goddard Space Flight Ctr, 800 Greenbelt Rd, Greenbelt, MD 20771 USA

Document Type

Article

Publication Date

12-2021

Abstract

We present updated radial-velocity (RV) analyses of the AU Mic system. AU Mic is a young (22 Myr) early-M dwarf known to host two transiting planets-P-b similar to 8.46 days, R-b = 4.381(-0.18)(+0.18) R-circle plus, P-c similar to 18.86 days, R-c = 3.5(-0.16)(+0.16) R-circle plus. With visible RVs from Calar Alto high-Resolution search for M dwarfs with Exo-earths with Near-infrared and optical echelle Spectrographs (CARMENES)-VIS, CHIRON, HARPS, HIRES, MINERVA-Australis, and Tillinghast Reflector Echelle Spectrograph, as well as near-infrared (NIR) RVs from CARMENES-NIR, CSHELL, IRD, iSHELL, NIRSPEC, and SPIRou, we provide a 5 sigma upper limit to the mass of AU Mic c of M-c <= 20.13 M-circle plus and present a refined mass of AU Mic b of M-b = 20.12 (+1.72)(-1.57) M-circle plus. Used in our analyses is a new RV modeling toolkit to exploit the wavelength dependence of stellar activity present in our RVs via wavelength-dependent Gaussian processes. By obtaining near-simultaneous visible and near-infrared RVs, we also compute the temporal evolution of RV "color" and introduce a regressional method to aid in isolating Keplerian from stellar activity signals when modeling RVs in future works. Using a multiwavelength Gaussian process model, we demonstrate the ability to recover injected planets at 5a significance with semi-amplitudes down to approximate to 10 m s(-1) with a known ephemeris, more than an order of magnitude below the stellar activity amplitude. However, we find that the accuracy of the recovered semi-amplitudes is similar to 50% for such signals with our model.

Publication Source (Journal or Book title)

ASTRONOMICAL JOURNAL

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